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The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation, and the effect of standard drugs.
Černotová, Veronika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Černotová Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Consultant: Lukáš Konečný, MSc. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation and the effect of standard drugs LDL-apheresis is a method that removes LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. It is used to treat familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic disorder causing high LDL-C levels and an early development of cardiovascular diseases. Blood platelets and coagulation system play an important role in these diseases and their activity is also affected by lipids. The aim of this thesis was to analyze possible differences in platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in patients suffering from FH. Two methods of treatment in this group were compared - lipid apheresis and PCSK9Ab (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies). The observed parameters were also compared with age-matched healthy volunteers. Our cohort consisted of 15 patients and 15 healthy donors. Six patients were treated with lipid apheresis and also PCSK9Ab, six subjects only with PCSK9Ab. Platelet aggregation was measured with an impedance aggregometer using 7 different...
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Comparison of platelet aggregation in healthy population.
Minarovičová, Júlia ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Júlia Minarovičová Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Comparison of platelet aggregation in healthy population Platelets have an irreplaceable role in the process of aggregation. Nevertheless, their increased activity is associated with the development of many cardiovascular diseases. This process can be influenced by clinical used substances from the group of antiplatelet drugs, which differ in their effectiveness within the population. Within this study, platelet aggregation was tested using impedance aggregometry, whose principle is the change in electrical impedance between electrodes caused by the adhesion of activated platelets. Firstly, whole blood was incubated with clinically used antiplatelet drugs (ticagrelor, vorapaxar, and acetylsalicylic acid) and a flavonoid metabolite, 4-methylcatechol. Subsequently, a platelet aggregation inducer (ADP, thrombin receptor activating peptide 6 /TRAP/, collagen, arachidonic acid, ristocetin, U-46619, and platelet-activating factor /PAF/) was added, and the process was monitored for 6 minutes. The most potent inhibitor of the aggregation induced by arachidonic acid was acetylsalicylic acid in a concentration of 70 μM...
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Comparison of platelet aggregation in healthy population.
Minarovičová, Júlia ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Hofman, Jakub (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Júlia Minarovičová Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, Pharm.D., Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Comparison of platelet aggregation in healthy population Platelets have an irreplaceable role in the process of aggregation. Nevertheless, their increased activity is associated with the development of many cardiovascular diseases. This process can be influenced by clinical used substances from the group of antiplatelet drugs, which differ in their effectiveness within the population. Within this study, platelet aggregation was tested using impedance aggregometry, whose principle is the change in electrical impedance between electrodes caused by the adhesion of activated platelets. Firstly, whole blood was incubated with clinically used antiplatelet drugs (ticagrelor, vorapaxar, and acetylsalicylic acid) and a flavonoid metabolite, 4-methylcatechol. Subsequently, a platelet aggregation inducer (ADP, thrombin receptor activating peptide 6 /TRAP/, collagen, arachidonic acid, ristocetin, U-46619, and platelet-activating factor /PAF/) was added, and the process was monitored for 6 minutes. The most potent inhibitor of the aggregation induced by arachidonic acid was acetylsalicylic acid in a concentration of 70 μM...
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The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation, and the effect of standard drugs.
Černotová, Veronika ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (advisor) ; Čečková, Martina (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Černotová Supervisor: prof. Přemysl Mladěnka, PharmD., Ph.D. Consultant: Lukáš Konečný, MSc. Title of diploma thesis: The influence of LDL-apheresis on aggregation of blood platelets, blood coagulation and the effect of standard drugs LDL-apheresis is a method that removes LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. It is used to treat familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), a genetic disorder causing high LDL-C levels and an early development of cardiovascular diseases. Blood platelets and coagulation system play an important role in these diseases and their activity is also affected by lipids. The aim of this thesis was to analyze possible differences in platelet aggregation and blood coagulation in patients suffering from FH. Two methods of treatment in this group were compared - lipid apheresis and PCSK9Ab (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies). The observed parameters were also compared with age-matched healthy volunteers. Our cohort consisted of 15 patients and 15 healthy donors. Six patients were treated with lipid apheresis and also PCSK9Ab, six subjects only with PCSK9Ab. Platelet aggregation was measured with an impedance aggregometer using 7 different...
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Vliv technologie pěstování Leuzey saflorové (Leuzea carthamoides DC.) na kvalitu produktu
VYTISKA, Petr
The aim of this diploma thesis was to verify the effect of elicitors on the content of selected active substances in Leucea carthamoides DC. The elicitors used were acetylsalicylic acid and Nanophyte Si ? from AGRA GROUP a.s. Determined active substances were 20-hydroxyecdysone and Polypodine B. Evaluation was performed by UHPLC-MS / MS method. In conclusion, statistics of obtained results were performed.
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Vliv technologie pěstování kotvičníku zemního (Tribulus terrestris L.) na kvalitu produktu
NEUMANN, Jaroslav
This diploma thesis focuses on the Tribulus terrestris and its cultivation in order to achieve the highest content of biologically active substances. Tribulus has its roots in Chinese traditional medicine and Indian Ayurveda. The monitored substances are protodioscin and diosgenin. These two substances are saponins which are known for many beneficial effects on human health. For example, protodioscin is widely used as a remedy for conception problems. Diosgenin has its use in the fight against cancer. Both of these substances are also used in fitness to increase muscle mass and strength. The most famous is protodioscin, which became famous thanks to the Bulgarian weightlifters. However, the mechanisms of action of protodioscin and, in fact, diosgenin in the human body are not completely known in terms of influencing hormones in our body. In the practical part of this work, acetylsalicylic acid and the commercial preparation NanoFyt Si? are used as an elicitor. Water control was used for control, which was carried out in the same way as elicitor sprays. It is statistically summarized in what concentration the elicitors act or do not act. Based on statistical results, the cultivation procedure is recommended.
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Analysis of sellected drugs with the use of TLC as a topic of laboratory courses
Menzel, Petr ; Kolář, Karel (advisor) ; Rusek, Martin (referee)
The paper aims to mediate thin film chromatography analysis by means of drugs commonly found in households (analgesic-antipyretics) to secondary school and grammar students, or to college students. For this purpose, laboratory tasks have been designed to cover all levels of the Bloom pyramid so that the educational potential is as high as possible. This is closely related to the topic of drug expiration and treatment. Pupils and students should take on both the competences of knowledge, skills, and attitudes. Keywords: thin layer chromatography; TLC; chromatography in education; educational experiment; expiratory medication; drug handling; analgesic- antipyretics, acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol
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Solid-state NMR study of structure and segmental dynamics of pharmaceutical materials based on the solid dispersions of drugs in polymer matrices.
Policianová, Olívia ; Brus, Jiří (advisor) ; Smrček, Stanislav (referee) ; Dračínský, Martin (referee)
Highly-exact structural characterization is the crucial step in the development and manufacturing process of pharmaceutical materials. Their structural composition is, however, often very complex and hardly identifiable. The eligible way for obtaining definite structural interpretation of these systems appears the high-resolution solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) spectroscopy. For this purpose the reliable tool - the ssNMR toolbox for comprehensive characterization of various pharmaceutical solids is described. The rigorous optimization of ssNMR techniques is carried out on enormous number of measured samples containing active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) with systems ranging from APIs formulated in solid dispersions to pure forms revealing extensive molecular disorder. In this study the influence of polymeric matrix on the creation of solid dispersion type susceptible for finely tuned controlled drug release is likewise discussed. The distinction between variable structural alignments of API molecules in 3D dimension of complicated pharmaceutical solids is allowed via simple strategy - factor analysis applied to hardly describable ssNMR spectra (13 C CP/MAS NMR and 19 F MAS NMR). The results of this ssNMR investigation contribute to better understanding of solid dispersion...
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Návrh technologie pěstování kotvičníku zemního (Tribulus terrestris L.) a jeho využití
BARTOŠ, Pavel
Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris L.) is an annual plant of the Zygophyllaceae family. Its medicinal properties have long been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine to treat various diseases. It has been shown that active substances, among which we count steroid saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, phytosterols and alkaloids, have effects on reproduction, effects aphrodisiac, antibacterial, anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidant, diuretic, antidiabetic, cardiovascular and many other. The aim of this work was to verify the effect of elicitors on the content of selected active ingredients in Puncturevine. The elicitor in this work was acetylsalicylic acid of three different concentrations (10-3 mol.l-1, 10-4 mol.l-1, 10-5 mol.l-1) applied by spraying. Using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were in fruits and stems determined the content of diosgenin, protodioscin, ruscogenin. For all three compounds was observed positive effect of the elicitor on their content.
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The effect of the treatment with elicitors on the content of some biologically active constituents in chosen plant
PETR, Jindřich
The aim of this thesis was to study the effect of the acetylsalicylic acid on the stimulation of plant immunity and thus the influence on the content of the active constituents in Silybum marianum L. plants. The main active constituents of Silybum marianum L. seeds are silybine, silydianine, isosilybine, silycristine, usually expressed as silymarine content, and taxifoline. These constituents have antihepatotoxic effect and many different protective effects on numerous organs and cells. Knowledge about stress and elicitation, origin, botanical characterization, growth, development and cultivation of Silybum marianum L. were summarized before the research.The small-plot experiment was set up in Hluboká nad Vltavou in 2013. Plants of Silybum marianum were divided into four groups and then three goups were treated three times during the vegetation with the acetylsalicylic acid of three different concentrations - 10-3 mol.l-1 (high), 10-4 mol.l-1 (medium) a 10-5 mol.l-1 (low). Every single one group was treated with only one concentration of the acetylsalicylic acid. The last group was treated only with water and served as a control group. The preparation of the extracts was being held with using mixture of acetone, methanol and water. The extracts were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography.The effects of each chosen concetration of acetylsalicylic acid (high, medium, low) on the active constituents in seeds were not statistically proven compared to seeds without aplication of the elicitor (control group). The ineffectiveness of the elicitor should have been also caused by nonoptimal condition of plants due to various abiotic and biotic stressors.
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